I attended a seminar at the University of Greenwich.
Persecution and Genocide: The triggers of Romani History?
Was organised by The Greenwich Traveller Education Service in conjunction with the University of Greenwich for Gypsy Roma Traveller History Month.
Speakers
Romani Rose, Chairman of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma
“Telling the German Public about the Holocaust against the Sinti and Roma”
Janna Eliot, translator of Settala , and the author of Settela’s Last Road, based on it, “The face of the victims”
Dr Brian Belton, YMCA George Williams College: “Earlier persecutions of Gypsies/Travellers in England and their legacy today.”
Valdemar Kalinin, Camden, Hammersmith and Fulham Education services: “The Soviet Romani contribution to the defeat of Nazi Germany”.
Dr Ethel Brooks, Rutgers University: “The uses and meaning of testimony on genocide, reflecting on material from the Shoah visual Archive”
Gabor Boros of the Boros Ensemble: “The links between the nineteenth century Magyar appropriation of Romani music and Hungarian anti-Gypsyism today”
Damien LeBas jr. of Travellers Times: “Did it all change? Reflections on the new Romani historiography.”
And to wrap the day there was an opening at the Stephen Lawrence Gallery in the University of Greenwich The Otto Pankok Sinti Exhibition, Curated by Moritz Pankok
The Context of the Seminar
“The new Gypsy/Roma/Sinte/Traveller politics of the second half of the 20th century is often attributed to the realization that the Nazi Holocaust showed that old survival strategies no longer worked. This took a while to seep through. At first people just wanted to forget, then the terrible necessity of remembering became evident. As with the Jews, the testimony of survivors began to be recorded, provoked partly by the beginnings of holocaust denial and historical revisionism, some of it from unlikely quarters. But while some Jewish scholars sought competitively to minimise Romani suffering, others, such as Miriam Novitch and Donald Kenrick were pioneers in documenting the Porraimos.
Putting the Romani holocaust into historical context, however, required a much more general critique of the accepted story of the Roma. For the Nazi holocaust was hardly the first genocide of Gypsies. Attention turned to the genocidal persecution of Gypsies/Roma/Travellers in the 16th century, as Europe’s nation states were being born, and the historical aftermath of marginalisation and slavery, which equally had to be acknowledged with pain. Mateo Maximoff, himself interned in a Vichy concentration camp, was the first Rom to write about the Nazi holocaust after 1945. During his life as a writer he moved from early denial of his family’s slave past to making it the subject of one of his most important novels Le Prix de la Liberté.
The qualitative difference between genocide, and mere persecution and marginalisation began to emerge. A different set of questions were posed about origins were posed in our 2008 seminar. A revised general narrative of the last 500 years of Romani history saw existing Gypsy/Romani/Traveller group identities as beginning to take their modern form through the survival strategies in different countries after the 16th century genocides, and then being thrown into the melting-pot by the 20th century genocides – which are not yet concluded, as we hear of the UN’s ongoing complicity in the slow poisoning of Roma in the concentration camps at Mitrovica, and listen to the ranting of Italian fascists in government again. And yet we balk at a Romani history which will define Gypsies/Roma/Sinte/Travellers just by their victimisation.
But although it may be the experience of racism, anti-Black, anti-Jewish, anti-Gypsy, which brings those groups together politically, racism, cannot be allowed to define them. Like Black History Month, Gypsy/Roma/Traveller Month seeks to bring together the diverse experience and cultural achievements of different groups. Through real, critical history we can dispel the “mystery” of the past, and by looking at its historical roots deconstruct contemporary racism, and put another narrative of community relations in its place. “
Thomas Acton