The year of 2015 will see the Philippines showcase at The Venice Biennale, after a hiatus of 5 decades. Patrick Flores, Filipino art historian and curator, has been selected with the incredible task, to not merely curate an exhibition, but redefine this country’s perhaps overlooked international identity.

I am half Filipino, but embarrassingly know very little about the country. I grew up in Australia and was raised to have a distant relation with my ethnic heritage. Perhaps I am not alone in my ignorance. Despite having done some deep soul searching and initiating my first visit to the country late last year, I found myself just as confused about the Philippines national identity.

What does the west know about the Philippines?

If we look to the media, the press would describe the Philippines in terms of the corruption perpetuated by Ferdinand Marcos, whose dictatorial rule lasted from 1965 through to 1986. Obversely the tabloids have serviced the country’s international identity, with thanks to Imelda Marcos, former first lady of the Philippines, for her flamboyant personality and her extravagant tastes in art and design – most notably her personal shoe collection, consisting of over 3,000 pairs of designer heels.

If we think about modern day slavery, the image of a Filipino chambermaid comes to mind, living and working, from far afield as Hong Kong to Bahrain. Often found in exploitative circumstances, yet servicing her employer to ‘send money home’, her roles would comprise of the standard cooking, cleaning and childcare, including additional ‘caring’ duties, as cited in the ‘headache clause’ (Not in the mood? – what better way to relieve your husband than to allow your maid to step in on your behalf). Only last week, the internet community witnessed a Filipino maid pleading for help via YouTube, this clip went viral and ultimately lead to her rescue from her abusive employer in Bahrain.

We may consider the elegance and natural beauty of a Filipina woman and see her as a threat to the western man, particularly that of the white and aging variety. We may even go as far as calling her an opportunist or label her as a gold-digger.  Perhaps your friend’s uncle recently re-married a Filipino woman or you may recall another friend’s house cleaner being of south-east Asian descent. With an average age of 11 years for education attainment, it is of no wonder that the Philippines has one of the largest international working diaspora’s, with an estimated 2.2 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). From chambermaids to mail order brides, one in every two female OFWs is an unskilled worker.

The international news tells us of the war between fractions of Islamists. Consequently government embassy’s warn us to ‘strongly avoid’ travelling to the island of Mindanao, south of the Philippines, due to the ‘very high threat of a terrorist attack, kidnapping, violent crime and violent clashes between armed groups’. Another media signifier unique to the Philippines is the Filipino Pirates, another fraction of Islam and so called ‘terrorist group’, who operate out of the southern Sulu Sea.

In summary, attention towards the Philippines is often negative. In a recently published report ‘Urban Poverty in Asia’ (2014), commissioned by The Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was cited as the third poorest country in south-east Asia, behind Indonesia and Lao. It could be said that Patrick Flores, curator for Philippines, has a big job on his hands in changing our pre-conceived western judgements of what could be a fascinatingly rich country.

In the lead up to the Philippines return to The Venice Biennale 2015, I will share my findings of Filipino cultural exports in an A-Z format, with a new post launched daily. This informal research, is by no means comprehensive and will integrate aspects of both art and culture, by artists- across art forms, to genres and movements, as well as critical theory and tabloid stories.

This sharing is led by my curiosity to know more about my own cultural heritage and possibly incorporate my tastes and interests as an artist; therefor the list will be subversive and at once sincere. I am after all half Filipina and have an advocacy duty in maintaining Filipino national pride. We are more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists. For the purposes of circulating to wider digital audiences, the diasporic term ‘Overseas Filipino Workers’ (#OFW), will take on the title of my log.


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Y is for Yolanda, A-Z of Filipino Cultural Exports

Post November 2013, the world reached out to the Philippines, in the aftermath of Typhoon Yolanda, more widely known as Typhoon Haiyan. The media spotlight shone on the devastation that the tropical cyclone left behind on the exposed east coast of the Philippines. Foreign Aid Charities came from every corner of the globe to help clear and repair the broken city of Tacloban, on the east coast island of Leyte. Recently Pope Francis, leader of the Catholic Church came to the people, in February 2015, instilling words of hope and faith.

In the aftermath of the event, news articles continue to circulate and be published, documentaries and films endeavor to highlight the social, economic, environment and spiritual impact of Typhoon Yolanda.

The world is looking and listening to the Philippines; subversively this is an opportunity for the country’s identity to be re-profiled, allowing the public to perhaps reconsider its preconceived judgments of a forgotten third world.

‘Megastorm: World’s Biggest Typhoon’ film – can be watched here

‘Killer Typhoon’ Doco – can be watched here

Lav Diaz film ‘Storm Children: Book One‘ 

Life in the Phillipines: Preparing for the next Typhoon – can be read here

#OFW more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists


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X is for Xyza Cruz Bacani, A-Z of Filipino Cultural Exports

B: 1987 / ‘Photography takes Filipino maid from Hong Kong to New York’ – reads a CNN headline (February 20, 2015). Reporting from Hong Kong (CNN) – A domestic worker from the Philippines who moonlights as a photographer in Hong Kong will be leaving her job in May to pursue a dream career in New York.

The story of Xyza Cruz Bacani, 27, is described by the press as one of Cinderella. Her Prince in this modern day adaptation, is substituted for the right to education. Bacani –  1 of 7 ‘Human Rights’ fellows was awarded a 6 week photojournalism scholarship funded by the Magnum Foundation at New York University.  Working as a chambermaid with her mother in Hong Kong, Bacani’s intimate portraits of ‘Overseas Filipino Workers’, gives a platform to discuss the injustices of modern day slavery in recent emerging economies.

Wiki describes her story of that as a typical Pinoy. The eldest of 3 children, Bacani – tied down to the weight of her country’s sorry misfortune, was thus forced into exile, in order to raise funds for her siblings education. Her story is one of hope, giving Pinoy’s abroad a voice, beyond the subservient roles and responses of ‘Yes Sir/ No Sir /As you wish Sir, Thank you Mam’. Xyza Cruz Bacani’s photography is an example of filmmaker Kidlat Tahimik’s call to a new movement towards making films, with ‘stories that are truly Filipino’.

Xyza Cruz Bacani work can be viewed here.

#OFW more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists


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W is for Weng Weng, A-Z of Filipino Cultural Exports

1957 – 1992 / ‘The Search for Weng Weng’ (2013) is a 90 minute documentary produced by Philippine Cult Film enthusiast Andrew Leavold. The film is an accumulation of 3 visits and over 40 interviews to unravel the myth behind the ‘midget Filipino James Bond’. Leavold’s ten years of research on genre filmmaking in the Philippines formed the basis of Mark Hartley’s documentary Machete Maidens Unleashed! (2010) (M is for Machete Maidens Unleashed), on which Leavold is also Associate Producer

Hailing from Brisbane, Australia, Leavold is a  PhD graduate from Brisbane’s Griffith University, his thesis “Bamboo Gods And Bionic Boys: A History Of Pulp Filmmaking In The Philippines” is soon to be published as a book.

Andrew Leavold Bio can be read here

Weng Weng’s Bio, written by Andrew Leavold can be read here

‘The Search for Weng Weng’ trailer can be watched here

#OFW more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists


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V is for Ramon Valera, A-Z of Filipino Cultural Exports

1908 – 1997/ ‘The contribution of Ramon Valera, whose family hails from Abra, lies in the tradition of excellence of his works, and his commitment to his profession, performing his magical seminal innovations on the Philippine terno.

Valera is said to have given the country its visual icon to the world via the terno. In the early 40s, Valera produced a single piece of clothing from a four-piece ensemble consisting of a blouse, skirt, overskirt, and long scarf. He unified the components of the baro’t saya into a single dress with exaggerated bell sleeves, cinched at the waist, grazing the ankle, and zipped up at the back. Using zipper in place of hooks was already a radical change for the country’s elite then. Dropping the panuelo–the long folded scarf hanging down the chest, thus serving as the Filipina’s gesture of modesty–from the entire ensemble became a bigger shock for the women then. Valera constructed the terno’s butterfly sleeves, giving them a solid, built-in but hidden support. To the world, the butterfly sleeves became the terno’s defining feature.

Even today, Filipino fashion designers study Valera’s ternos: its construction, beadworks, applique, etc. Valera helped mold generations of artists, and helped fashion to become no less than a nation’s sense of aesthetics. But more important than these, he helped form a sense of the Filipino nation by his pursuit of excellence’.

Ramon Valera was awarded the title of National Artists of the Philippines in 2006. Text taken from National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Image – Imelda in her early days, modelling Valera’s designs.

#OFW more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists


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