The year of 2015 will see the Philippines showcase at The Venice Biennale, after a hiatus of 5 decades. Patrick Flores, Filipino art historian and curator, has been selected with the incredible task, to not merely curate an exhibition, but redefine this country’s perhaps overlooked international identity.
I am half Filipino, but embarrassingly know very little about the country. I grew up in Australia and was raised to have a distant relation with my ethnic heritage. Perhaps I am not alone in my ignorance. Despite having done some deep soul searching and initiating my first visit to the country late last year, I found myself just as confused about the Philippines national identity.
What does the west know about the Philippines?
If we look to the media, the press would describe the Philippines in terms of the corruption perpetuated by Ferdinand Marcos, whose dictatorial rule lasted from 1965 through to 1986. Obversely the tabloids have serviced the country’s international identity, with thanks to Imelda Marcos, former first lady of the Philippines, for her flamboyant personality and her extravagant tastes in art and design – most notably her personal shoe collection, consisting of over 3,000 pairs of designer heels.
If we think about modern day slavery, the image of a Filipino chambermaid comes to mind, living and working, from far afield as Hong Kong to Bahrain. Often found in exploitative circumstances, yet servicing her employer to ‘send money home’, her roles would comprise of the standard cooking, cleaning and childcare, including additional ‘caring’ duties, as cited in the ‘headache clause’ (Not in the mood? – what better way to relieve your husband than to allow your maid to step in on your behalf). Only last week, the internet community witnessed a Filipino maid pleading for help via YouTube, this clip went viral and ultimately lead to her rescue from her abusive employer in Bahrain.
We may consider the elegance and natural beauty of a Filipina woman and see her as a threat to the western man, particularly that of the white and aging variety. We may even go as far as calling her an opportunist or label her as a gold-digger. Perhaps your friend’s uncle recently re-married a Filipino woman or you may recall another friend’s house cleaner being of south-east Asian descent. With an average age of 11 years for education attainment, it is of no wonder that the Philippines has one of the largest international working diaspora’s, with an estimated 2.2 million Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). From chambermaids to mail order brides, one in every two female OFWs is an unskilled worker.
The international news tells us of the war between fractions of Islamists. Consequently government embassy’s warn us to ‘strongly avoid’ travelling to the island of Mindanao, south of the Philippines, due to the ‘very high threat of a terrorist attack, kidnapping, violent crime and violent clashes between armed groups’. Another media signifier unique to the Philippines is the Filipino Pirates, another fraction of Islam and so called ‘terrorist group’, who operate out of the southern Sulu Sea.
In summary, attention towards the Philippines is often negative. In a recently published report ‘Urban Poverty in Asia’ (2014), commissioned by The Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was cited as the third poorest country in south-east Asia, behind Indonesia and Lao. It could be said that Patrick Flores, curator for Philippines, has a big job on his hands in changing our pre-conceived western judgements of what could be a fascinatingly rich country.
In the lead up to the Philippines return to The Venice Biennale 2015, I will share my findings of Filipino cultural exports in an A-Z format, with a new post launched daily. This informal research, is by no means comprehensive and will integrate aspects of both art and culture, by artists- across art forms, to genres and movements, as well as critical theory and tabloid stories.
This sharing is led by my curiosity to know more about my own cultural heritage and possibly incorporate my tastes and interests as an artist; therefor the list will be subversive and at once sincere. I am after all half Filipina and have an advocacy duty in maintaining Filipino national pride. We are more than a country of good looking, half-wit, opportunistic terrorists. For the purposes of circulating to wider digital audiences, the diasporic term ‘Overseas Filipino Workers’ (#OFW), will take on the title of my log.