Practice as research

Week 13: 10th – 16th December
Teaching is over for this year and campus is noticably quieter. I’m feeling the pressure to shut down for the winter, but luckily I booked on a couple of training courses this week, giving me the motivation to keep going. The courses in question were ‘Working with research articles’ and ‘Summarising your research for an audience’.

Working with research articles
The first of these aimed to save time finding the necessary information from journals by outlining typical structures within research articles, thereby allowing the reader to determine whether the article is of use without having to read it all first. This also helps with writing articles according to journal specifications. More information on reading and writing research articles can be found here.

The session also covered journal ratings, using number of citations as a measure of distinction, and although I’m not entirely convinced about these methods, it seems like a useful starting point. There was information on writing summaries of articles, by translating the information consisely into your own words, as well as adding critiques, to create arguments within the text.

Summarising your research for an audience
After learning how to summarise other peoples writing, it was on to our own. This is something I‘ve always found particularly difficult. When people ask me what the focus of my research is I usually say ‘Artist Books as Ritual Objects’. However, that results in needing to define what an artist book is (not an easy task), as well as what I mean by ritual, and then how these two things fit together within the context of my practice.

This means that, while it sounds interesting, it’s difficult for people to really understand what I do. This is also not helped by the fact that I’m still pretty much figuring it out myself. After looking at a couple of examples of research summaries and determining what we understood from them, we applied this to our own topics with the aid of a few simple questions.

Sticky ideas
The trainer used the concept of sticky ideas from the book Made to Stick by the Heath Brothers. This was broken down into six main points along with corresponding questions. The points are as follows:

Simple: What is the core message? Is it compact?
Unexpected: What will surprise and interest your audience?
Concrete: Do you describe concrete actions or abstract concepts?
Credible: Do you describe convincing detail, understandable statistics and powerful examples of previous experience?
Emotional: Can people relate to it? How can you make them care?
Story: Can you inspire people? Can your story be used as a teaching tool?

By working through each of these, I went from talking about my work as artist books and ritual objects, to describing it as looking at the effect of the work of art on the audience. Essentially these are the same thing, but they start from a premise of understanding the purpose of the research, which is more useful for people who may not work in your field.

Artist Books
It’s been a while since I’ve been back to Special Collections, but I’d made contact with one of the librarians to discuss access to the artist book collection, and the holiday lull seemed a perfect time to follow that up. Given that Leeds has a growing collection of artist books and concrete poetry publications, it seemed vital to use these as primary research sources, both to make full use of the archive available to me, whilst also promoting the collection to a wider audience.

Speaking to the librarian was a fantastic opportunity to find out specific details of the items within the collection and he brought a number of items down to show me, one of which was a copy of Marcel Duchamp’s ‘Box in a Valise’. To say I was a little bit starstruck was an understatement, and I started to understand a little bit more about what the teacher from the ‘Using archives to teach’ lecture (from week 7) was talking about when he described his students reactions to handling Shakespeare’s first folio.

Week 12: 3rd – 9th December
This week I attended my first conference as a post graduate researcher. The title of the conference was Charming Intentions: Occultism, Magic and the History of Art and promised papers ‘ranging from the material culture of ‘primitive’ animism, through medieval and Renaissance depictions of witchcraft and demonology, to the contemporary fascination with the supernatural in popular culture.’

Attending conferences
The event had been organised by PhD candidates in the Department of the History of Art at Cambridge University. It’s worth noting that most graduate departments support their students in attending and organising conferences, as this is a good indicator of proving that the student is producing publishable work as part of awarding the PhD.

To this end, graduate departments also allocate pots of funding to each student to contribute towards travel, accommodation and conference fees. The procedure for applying is pretty straightforward and generally involves stating how the conference is relevant to your research. Although I didn’t know the specific papers that would be presented, the overall theme seemed so fitting to my project, and the fact that it was a presentation by art historians added a new element.

Interpretation and the History of Art
The thing I found interesting about talking to the art historians was their seemingly strict adherence to time periods, even choosing to ignore more recent methodologies of interpretation, in favour of the ones that were used at the time of making. On the one hand, it appeared to be a more accurate way of interpreting the meaning of an object, through relating it to the beliefs of its intended audience. However, I wondered if applying new ways of thinking about supposedly universal human traits would open up new avenues of research. In fact, a little more digging around after the conference produced just that evidence in the forms of Bruce Holsinger and Lacan’s Medievalism.

Thankfully, as an artist, I’m not bound by such restrictions, and as I wasn’t speaking at the event, I had chance to relax and take in all the amazing presentations. Despite its broad interests, the event was well structured, with papers arranged according to time periods and subject matter. It also managed to create a relaxed and informal ambience, which made me feel more at home, despite the new experience.

Alchemical imagery
The keynote speaker was Dr Urszula Szulakowska, who presented a paper on her research into alchemical imagery, particularly in relation to how images of the Virgin Mary had been subverted in order to progress an alchemist agenda. Although the premise seemed somewhat sinister, Szulakowska suggested that, in fact, the reappropriation of religious imagery was not heretical at all, but instead contributed to a new connection between science and religion.

The sessions continued in this manner, with strong links to myth making and symbolism through explorations of ritual, sacrifice and fetish. Despite earlier preconceptions about the interpretation methods used by the speakers, I was pleased to hear occasional references to philosophic and psychoanalytic theory such as Jacques Derrida’s Trace, Julia Kristeva’s Abjection and concepts of the ‘Fold’ by Giles Deleuze.

Inspiration
I found inspiration for my artwork from almost all of the presentations, but I particularly enjoyed the ones relating to text on objects designed to convey blessings through food, which led to an interesting thought process about eating words. I also enjoyed the Surrealism section, as it provided a more recent example of the way in which artists were reappropriating magical thinking and exploring the relationship between materiality and efficacy in ritual objects.

I also had the pleasure of meeting a lot of knowledgable and interesting people, not least of which were a specialist in Surrealist Artist Books based at the University of Cambridge, as well as the founder of The Cambridge Centre for the Study of Western Esotericism.

Week 11: 26th November – 2nd December
The stack of books I’m reading is slowly piling up as I dip in and out of each of them, so I decided to focus on just one for now, to make some headway into pinning down some evidence for my research. The one I chose this week was Art and Agency by Alfred Gell, which, at least for the moment, seems to be the cornerstone for ideas relating to how the work of art functions.

In essence, the idea of agency evokes the work of art as a conduit for social interaction. Specifically, Gell makes reference to the ‘art nexus’, a table of shifting relations between maker, object, idea and viewer. Gell categorises these as artist, index, prototype and recipient respectively, and positions each as agent or patient, depending on whether they are currently acting, or being acted upon.

Anthenticity
My thoughts at the time of reading, were around the relationship between the index and the prototype, in other words, the art that I’m creating and the thing that it refers to. This was also contextualised by my knowledge and understanding of other artists work, who I believed to be challenging cultural discourse through producing artworks that represented ‘authentic’ voices.

However, I found my preconceptions of authenticity troubling. For example, how do we define authentic? If I was to go on holiday, I would want to experience the ‘real’ place I was visiting, but what if that ‘real’ place didn’t match the idea that I had in my head? Would that make it less authentic? I decided to open the idea up to Twitter, who were only too happy to oblige with input into the nature of authenticity in relation to cultural experience. By the end of it I still didn’t really have the answer, but it had created an interesting debate and much food for thought about how I might go about tackling this problem in future.

Barter
Another element of the agency of the art object is personified in the gift exchange, a factor in many cultural rituals. Lewis Hyde’s The Gift is a seminal work on this topic, and of particular pertinence to discussions I’d been having with artists Debi Holbrook and Jean McEwan. Jean’s own Reciprocity blog aims to investigate this phenomenon in more detail, so we decided to discuss the possibility of organising a barter project, within the context of art practice.

An academic aside: Although this project is actually separate to my main research topic, it can be documented and submitted as part of my overall thesis, therefore any exhibitions or projects participated in, can support final outcomes. That said, I do need to be careful about getting distracted from my core premise.

Bristol bound
Another project I’m involved in, and perhaps the catalyst for my current academic career, is Artist Book Collective. This consists of an international online group of artist book makers, which I created back in 2008 in order to curate real world book art exhibitions. These exhibitions have ranged from mail art collaborations to site-specific installation, and currently, a touring show. It is this show, ‘Bound’ which is now on site in the Bower Ashton Library at the University of West England, courtesy of Sarah Bodman, Senior Research Fellow for Artists’ Books at the Centre for Fine Print Research. This is also the reason that, last Thursday, I hot-footed it down to Bristol, laden down with artworks.

Actually, I’ve been meaning to visit Bristol ever since I heard about Sarah’s project through the Book Arts Newsletter which she also edits. When I arrived, I was greeted by Angie, a fellow PhD Student, also researching artist books. She showed me round the library and book collection, and I was really impressed by how accessible the works were for students and the public. Artist books that had been collected by the University were housed within plastic wallets inside coloured filing cabinets, and looked inviting, while still maintaining the element of organisation. Even books from Sarah’s own collection were available for students to browse, and it gave some new ideas about how I might approach creating an archive of my own.

Week 10: 19th – 25th November
I’m really enjoying the extra time I get to spend in my studio these days. It feels like I have lots more opportunities to explore different avenues, instead of constantly working to deadlines. Also, my research into medieval art seems to have finally been fruitful! I’d decided on cutting out acetate stencils to use in screenprinting, in order to create a woodcut effect. This would allow me to produce images quicker, and also make it possible to experiment with moving the images around on the same screen.

In the studio
I’d photocopied some of my sketchbook drawings onto acetate to develop the images, and realised I’d need to adapt the drawings slightly to create connecting areas within the stencil. However, in the process of scratching the toner off, I noticed that it left a really interesting textural quality similar to that of a woodcut produced with a soft roller. I also realised that I could use this technique to draw into toner on acetate to create monoprint style screenprints in future. All in all, it was a very productive session.

Effective presentations
It’s only been a week, but I haven’t yet heard anything back about my submission for the conference that I made. I’m still a bit nervous about being selected, but keep trying to remind myself that I’d only be talking about my own work. Also, this is the sort of thing I will be doing more of, so it’s good to make a start. With that in mind, I headed off to my first lot of professionalism training to learn how to produce more effective presentations.

The session was, as one might expect, a run-down of what presenters need to think about when speaking at conferences, essentially what to say and how to say it, or as the trainer put it; the visual, the vocal and the verbal. It was fairly informal and gave people a chance to practice speaking, as well as laughing at the trainer’s example of a ‘bad presentation’. There was also information about number and timing of slides (about one a minute), and the sort of information to include as part of the presentation. It all seemed like common sense, but was good to be able to pare it down into simple instructions.

Voicings
After a morning discussing the vocal and the verbal, it was on to an artist lecture which discussed work exploring exactly that topic. Laura Malacart was the artist in question, and presented work that used ventriloquism to deconstruct voice agency. She was particularly interested in the paradox of a scripted conversation within performance, and enacted this through lip-synching to a recording of her own voice as part of ‘conversational’ art works with the audience.

I was most interested, however, in her ongoing project, Voicings, which developed after working in a language school with a group of refugees. As part of their lessons, they were asked to write a monologue about their own experiences of trying to be understood in a foreign country. She employed classically trained British actors to recite these monologues (including the mistakes), after only having one hour to learn them.

The resulting video works showed the actors struggling to remember their lines, often repeating themselves. The dissonance between the upper class British accent, and the vocabulary of the refugees, exposed the idea of power relations within the voice, denoting experience of class and culture; a formal and political tool which echoed the artist’s own experiences and inability to articulate herself.

My particular interest in Laura’s work, however, was in how she had consistently managed to present ‘marginal voices’ in a way that wasn’t exploitative, as can sometimes be a criticism of artists working in a social context. Working with ritual, this is definitely a core feature of my work, and it was really useful to see how other artists approach this successfully.

Week 9: 12th – 18th November
This week I submitted my first ever conference abstract. I was a bit nervous, so I did a bit of googling to find out what was involved, (what did people do before the internet?). For people who have also never written an abstract before, or just want a succinct way to publicise their research, there are a few main points to remember.

The word limit is generally around 250-300 words, and is intended as an overview of the research. The first paragraph should contain a background of your specific field, including the problem you wish to address. The second paragraph includes information about your experience and methodologies applied to the issues. The last paragraph concludes your findings and suggests further developments in the field.

This particular conference was an annual event for Art Historians to share developments in the professional practice and understanding of art history, and, although I am fairly well versed in the Western Canon, I was still a little nervous about presenting my work in front of a room full of seasoned academics. However, the specific session that I’d seen advertised was about curating the book in a museum context, and was organised by a curator at my university. Given that this is exactly the kind of thing that I do in my practice, it seemed like a perfect opportunity, so I typed my 250 words and pressed send.

Medieval art
Ever since the artist talk I attended on Neomedievalism, I’ve been finding more and more relevance between that and my work in the context of contemporary art practice. As I’d recently been considering the symbolism within historical artworks, I decided to try to determine some fundamental aspects of the Medieval time period. I began by listing the main features that I could see in the work, just as I would in an interpretation exercise. Particular observations included bold black lines, a flat plane, portraits tended to be in profile or ¾ poses, and lots of smaller scenes made up one image.

A popular technology for producing images at the time was woodcut, and a search online for medieval images actually led me to a site of alchemic woodcuts, bringing me full circle to the link between art, science and magic again. As an aesthetic, I quite like woodcuts, but I settled on using screen print with acetate stencils for expediency in the first instance, as I felt it would create a similar effect.

Calligraphy
Illustrated manuscripts are also a big feature of the Medieval landscape, which given their inherent link to books, created yet another avenue to explore, in the form of calligraphy. Although as an artist, I think I have fairly good drawing skills and hand/eye coordination, my handwriting is pretty apalling, as it’s mainly a way to get thoughts out of my head and onto paper quickly. Despite this, I thought I’d give it a go so I bought a book and started to practice. I was actually pretty pleased with the results and resolved to figure out a way to include it in my work.

Art as a language
The more I consider the idea of symbolism and meanings within art, the more I come to see the work as a kind of personal language. I think this is also a good analogy for interpretation, as one wouldn’t attempt to read a book in a foreign language without first understanding what the words meant. However, in contemporary art, this language can be difficult to decipher, because, unlike historical bodies of work, we are not looking retrospectively at the connections within the oeuvre of an artist. So the question is, how can we apply that knowledge to the present?