Absurdity without art

This series of photographs shows me making prints as part of a series of images where I have appropriated and adapted Goya’s print Great deeds! Against the dead!

I create two prints, one a relief linocut and the second is a zinc plate etching with aquatint. The photographs and their captions walk you through the  process of creation, from my original pencil drawing to the final prints…

Click on each gallery to open a slideshow with captions and full size images.

Relief printing: –

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Acid etching with aquatint: –

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Further inspired by the Chapman brothers and a happy accident (see the gallery below) I plan to add to the print in various ways. For example I want to embellish the white areas representing the missing corpses, I’m thinking of adding shredded Chinese newspaper print, red ink finger prints, scrunched up tissue paper, etc. I’ve also considered colourising the prints using watercolour paint, aquarelle ink, or by using multiple lino blocks and additional stages during the lino print process.

Here is a photo of the happy accident and some of my photoshopped ideas…

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This post is a look at some of the books I’ve dipped into since Christmas.

Grayson Perry’s Playing to the Gallery is a collection of 36 postcards, the cards have images that are made by the artist in the fashion of a traditional British  postcard. It’s a satirical look at contemporary art and the market in which Perry finds himself a major part. An outsider looking in commentary, from someone who’s now an insider giving his nose a treat, for the amusement of all.

MoMa Highlights, dare I say it, it does what it says on the cover… an amazing collection, which I was lucky enough to see in October 2015. This book provides an informative reminder of 350 works from the museum’s archive. From Picasso’s cubist paintings to Kathryn Bigelow’s movie Hurt Locker.

Introducing ____ : A Graphic Guide I have several of this series of books, which I find most entertaining and useful. They cover theories and concepts in broad strokes, using illustrations they effectively explain complicated and challenging ideas. The four I’ve been looking at this year include Hegel: one of the most influential philosophers of the 20th Century. Barthes:  the french academic who worked in the field of semiotics and structuralism during the 1960’s. Existentialism: a branch of philosophy that I find fascinating, it was behind my use of the word ‘absurd’ in my blog title and informed much of my Time (2015) installation. Lastly I’ve listened to the guidebook on Time, I downloaded the Kindle version and had it read out to me by my iPad.

Gadamer: A guide… by Chris Lawn. This is a recent purchase I’ve yet to read beyond the blurb. My interest in the subject was sparked by a tweet by Dr. Jim Walsh who posted a link to one of his articles published by Conway Hall about how we see art today, at its heart was a convincing argument supporting Gadamer’s concept of aesthetics compared to that of Kant’s.

Pop Art: A Colourful History by Sooke. I find this author very easy to read, the book supports a documentary which I also enjoyed. The subject matter is evident by the title and many of those discussed within are as familiar to us today as they’d hope, since their art is as everyday as the subject matter they painted (through advertising, design, computer apps, etc). But it includes some artists which are less well known; there is a whole chapter on female pop artists including Rosalyn Drexler and Evellyne Axell.

Thinking About Art by Penny Huntsman is a text book for Art History A level students. Full of great quality images, with its companion website, it deals with art from the antiquity right up to the contemporary in an enthusiastic way. Great for the curious beginner and someone looking to brush up their study techniques.

This is Dali by Andrew Rae. A quick guide to Dali’s life and work in an illustrative and amusing format.

Here are few other books I have taken off the shelf to peruse and digest over the next few weeks:-

•  How to Write About Contemporary Art by Gilda Williams (Kindle)
• Time by Amelia Groom ed. (Whitechapel Publishers)
• The Illustrated A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking
• Marcel Proust’s Search for Lost Time by Patrick Alexander
• How Proust Can Change Your Life by Alain De Botton (Kindle)

My art has been influenced by and focused on mortality; it is the common denominator in my work. As we grow older our perceptions change and our nearness to death causes us to appreciate and regret our decisions in life in varying degrees. Having received a prognosis of eight years, ten years ago I feel like I’m on borrowed time. This feeling of looking into the abyss at a premature age followed by 10 years of contemplation and rumination has influenced my perception. Over the last couple of years I worked on a series which considered my prognostic demise, this developed into my installation Time (2015). My new work is starting to evolve out of my natural surroundings in rural Suffolk, the relentless seasonal changes and the passing of time.

My garden is abutted by fields, each year I witness the crops, its sprouting, nurture, harvest, and its eventual ploughing-in to feed the subsequent cycle.  I took many photographs and video throughout last season, here’s a short video from May of a field of barley being blown by the wind (effects have been added with iMovies): –

Vimeo Movie

I also saved some of the barley…

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I have been inspired by this and others’ representation of the cycle of nature  throughout art history. It is a kind of memento mori, but one that is less obvious than the diamond studded skull of Damien Hirst, or his installations: ‘A 1000 years’, ‘The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living’, etc. I wanted to reference Van Gogh’s ‘Wheatfield with Crows’ whilst paring the form down to line, in an essentialistic fashion.

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I looked at Cy Twombly and Sol Le Witt’s line drawings (the Le Witt drawing shown here is in remembrance of Eva Hesse).

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Here’s a sketchbook idea I’m working on, I was thinking about creating it in large scale, probably in metal point, possibly in lead and gold, influenced by my earlier practice which referenced alchemy alluding to transcendence.

I am also considering mediums like video, animation, and digital paintings through the means of projection. I mocked up an ear of barley on Adobe 3D StudioMax, and quickly rendered it: –

I’ve started to think about the substructure of the traditional white screen which receives the projection.  Should it be white? Does it’s surface have to be flat or could it be 3D?  If 3D, how simply can you create a structure to provide meaning? Obviously anything is possible, the Houses of Parliament has been used as a white screen, as have many iconic buildings to provide a juxtaposition with the image.

Equally I’m interested in the floor we walk on when we view the art, which can be the art itself as in mosaics, or it can be more textual, see Massimo Bartolini’s Due, Elisabetta Benassi’s The Dry Savages and Oscar Bony’s 60 Square Meters and Its Information (which has chain link on the floor that you walk on, MoMA).

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I’ve also been thinking about creating a lead or foam board cityscape, which I could then project onto. This idea was inspired by Alfredo Jaar’s sculpture of Venezia, Indiana Jones’ Tanis map room, and the pattern created by Albert Yonathan Setiawan work titled Cosmic Labyrinth: The Silent Path (2013). Conversely there’s the relatively flat 3d of paper sculptures seen in Marco Maggi’s Global Myopia.

Other works I’ve been looking at include Wade Guyton’s untitled 2011 series and Achilles Rizzoli’s The Shaft of Ascension amongst others.

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I’ve been working further on my soft pastel version of Goya’s plate 39, Great deeds! Against the dead! Early on my drawing started out as a naive image, coloured as a child might (working from memory), brown trees, green leaves and a blue sky, with limited shadows. However this looked too saccharine, the powdery nature of the soft pastel added to the icing sugar look. So I looked into some contemporary pastel artists and discovered Jacob Aguiar, who employs an impressionistic style to great effect. My issue is I’m copying a print, which I still want to be recognisable as Goya’s print. I’m also thinking about adding the bodies as white ghosts as in my pencil sketch, this will enable the link to the original and free me up to improve on the pastel as a painting. However I appreciate that either way my pastel does require more work.

I’ve considered working from nature initially and then working back towards Goya’s print. To that end today I studied the trees whilst walking our dogs. However, our damp environment in the UK causes our trees to be covered in a green algae, so I’ve utilised the internet, and tasked my parents who live in Spain with taking photos of half-dead trees in bright sunshine. Further to this the oak species are different, in Spain the predominate oak is evergreen, having small, pale, holly like leaves (whilst still bearing acorns).

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This continued focus on plate 39 has made me think more about its creation by Goya. In my dissertation I considered the argument that the ‘Disasters of War’ prints were journalistic, concluding that the scenes were probably not witnessed by Goya firsthand, at least not the acts of defilement or extreme violence (as agreed by Hughes and Hofer). I suspect that it is likely that this image is more akin to the allegorical scenes, as in Goya’s the “caprichos enfáticos” (meaning fantasy). I considered other readings of the scene, Vial-Kayser and Jake Chapman have associated the image with a crucifixion of sorts. Christians after all have been crucified both vertically (as Christ was) and upside down (as per St. Peter), they’ve also been emasculated (castrated), and dismembered (whether metaphorical as in the ‘Fractio panis’ or indeed the Holy Roman Empire employed the system themselves as a means of torture).  Then I wondered about the number of corpses, do they represent the three crucified on the hill, a rogue either side of Christ as described in the Bible, and depicted by many artists such as in Ruebens’ Christ on the Cross between the Two Thieves (1619-20). So who is being crucified? The bodies are unclothed, and have not been identified. I wonder if Goya is depicting the crucifixion of faith or even god himself! Maybe the three bodies represent the holy trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost?

Goya’s work could be a reflection on the horrors of war which had played out on his doorstep.  Had they made him question his faith and the existence of God; a would be risky business in 19th Century Spain, what with the resurrection of the Inquisition. This could have been his way of communicating his nihilistic feelings. Jung stated that “crucifixion symbolizes the state of supreme torture through conflict”, maybe this is Goya’s objective, to depict Spain as being forsaken by God. Maybe the bodies on the tree are the main protagonists of the conflict: Napoleon (or the Pope), his brother Joseph who ruled Spain for Napoleon, and the Spanish heir, Ferdinand VII?

The tree on which the corpses are hung is surely a Spanish oak tree, battered, broken yet still alive and just about with leaf; I imagine that this tree represents Spain. Goya also seems to question the vatican’s position in the war (since the Catholic Church played a large part in Napoleon’s rise to power) from supporter to having papal land occupied to the Popes kidnapping and 6 year incarceration. In Spain the church was both persecuted and neglectful. This was depicted in the ‘caprichos’ where a cardinal walked a tight rope (plate 77), and oversaw the death of truth (plate 79) whilst monks witnessed the signing of the new Spanish constitution (plate 74) a terrible charter for the people of Spain.

As the Chapman brothers have highlighted this print has far more layers of possible meaning than the obvious reading.

 

Today I’ve been working on a pencil sketch of Goya’s Great deeds! Against the dead!, this time I’ve redacted the bodies. Not so much erased but simply missing, leaving a virgin white space where they should be.

This image by Holzer is one of a series and like Goya it deals with war and the atrocities that occur during conflict. She blows up (80×62″) and screen prints these official State documents, complete with the original redactions, censoring the deeds and the identities. Similarly Goya had a tendency to avoid the faces and therefore the identities of those enacting war crimes. Both artists uncover the unsavoury underbelly of war, whilst Goya concentrated on the front lines, Holzer focuses on the bureaucracy of the back office, both equally shocking.

“Holzer didn’t have to doctor these documents for heightened effect; the black bars that enshroud the names of victims and their tormentors speak for themselves. One autopsy report describes the fatal suffocation of a prisoner of war forced to maintain a stress position. In some cases nearly whole documents are ominously blacked out, like a national Rorschach test.”